王青

【New words and expressions】生詞和短語(yǔ)（9）

record-holder 紀(jì)錄保持者

truant n. 逃學(xué)的孩子

unimaginative adj. 缺乏想像力的

shame n. 慚愧，羞恥

hitchhike v. 搭便車旅行

meantime n. 其間

lorry n. 卡車

border n. 邊界

evade v. 逃避，逃離

★record-holder 紀(jì)錄保持者

n.+ v.+ er 構(gòu)詞法

tennis player

★truant n. 逃學(xué)的孩子，逃學(xué)者

The three boys who are fishing over there are truants and ought to be sent back to school.

play truant 逃學(xué)（英）

the boy who played truant 逃學(xué)的孩子

play hooky 逃學(xué)（美）

be absent from class unpurpose 逃學(xué) （unpurpose adv. 故意的）

He did it unpurpose.

evade school 逃學(xué)

★unimaginative adj. 缺乏想象力的

imagine v. 想象，設(shè)想

imaginative adj. 有想象力的

She is an imaginative painter.

Painters should be imaginative.

imagination n. 想象力

-tive 一般是形容詞的后綴；-tion 一般是名詞的后綴

★shame n. 慚愧，羞恥

What a shame! 真可恥！

Shame on you! 替你感到可恥！

shameful adj. 令人羞愧

ashamed adj. 感到羞愧

put sb. to shame 讓某人感到羞愧

對(duì)別人贊美的回答：

Thank you. You are flattering me. （你過(guò)獎(jiǎng)了。）

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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記

You put me to shame. （你比我好的意思）

put sb. to trouble 給某人帶來(lái)麻煩

★hitchhike v. 搭便車旅行

hitchhike = take a lift 搭便車

hitchhiker n. 搭便車的人

★meantime n. 其間

in the meantime = meanwhile 與此同時(shí)

★evade v. 逃避，逃離

① vt.（巧妙地）逃脫，躲開(kāi)

She evaded a blow from the man and then called out for help.

② vt. 回避，逃避（尤指不當(dāng)?shù)兀?/p>

evade doing sth. 逃避做……

He always tries to evade paying taxes.

Many children dream of evading school.

avoid v. 逃避，逃離，避免

avoid 指通過(guò)一種合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)氖侄蝸?lái)避免做某事；evade 指通過(guò)欺騙的手段來(lái)避免做某事。

tax avoidance 避稅

tax evasion 逃稅

【Text】

Children who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet day's fishing, or eight hours in a cinema

seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy

who, while playing truant, travelled 1,600 miles. He hitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to

find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime,

travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitchhiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver

gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not

take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he

was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for

the thousands of children who dream of evading school.

參考譯文

逃學(xué)的孩子們都缺乏想像力。他們通常能夠做到的，至多也就是安靜地釣上一天魚(yú)，或在電影院里坐

上8 個(gè)小時(shí)，一遍遍地看同一部電影。而有那么一個(gè)小男孩，他在逃學(xué)期間旅行了1,600 英里，從而使上

述所有逃學(xué)的孩子們都相形見(jiàn)絀了。他搭便車到了多佛，天快黑時(shí)鉆進(jìn)了一條船，想找個(gè)地方睡覺(jué)。第二

天早上他醒來(lái)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)船在這段時(shí)間已經(jīng)到了加。當(dāng)男孩從船里爬出來(lái)時(shí)，誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)他。從那里他又

搭上卡車到了巴黎。司機(jī)給了他幾塊餅干和一杯咖啡，就把他丟在了城外。男孩截住的下一輛車，沒(méi)有像

他希望的那樣把他帶到巴黎市中心，而是把他帶到了法國(guó)和西班牙邊界上的佩皮尼昂。他在那兒被一個(gè)警

察抓住了，之后被當(dāng)局送回了英國(guó)。他無(wú)疑為成千上萬(wàn)夢(mèng)想逃避上學(xué)的孩子們創(chuàng)造了一項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄。

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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記

【課文講解】

1、Children who play truant from school are unimaginative.

play truant from school = play truant 逃學(xué)

As a boy, Tom used to play truant (from school).

2、A quiet day's fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far

as they get.

動(dòng)詞ing前面如果出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)，若是名詞，則采用名詞所有格或名詞短語(yǔ)本身。

eight hours' seeing the film

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)，一律作單數(shù)看。

Three hours in the room，It is tiring.

Three hours(') listening to the teacher is tiring.

Three hours in the room listening to the teacher is tiring.

Events such as the March 5th shooting at a high school in San Diego bring the problem into focus.

比如三月五日圣地亞哥一所高中學(xué)校發(fā)生的槍擊事件問(wèn)題成為焦點(diǎn)。

over and over again = again and again 一次又一次，一再地，反復(fù)許多次地

As my grandmother can’t hear very well, I had to say it over and over again.

as far as +從句最大程度……，到……程度，就……而言

As far as I know, his operations successful.

3、They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1,600 miles.

while 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，一般放在前面或后面，放在中間就加上逗號(hào)。while doing 省略句，省略了

主語(yǔ)和be 動(dòng)詞，這個(gè)主語(yǔ)一定就是主句的主語(yǔ)。

put…to shame 使……蒙羞，使……相形見(jiàn)絀

What he has done put his parents to shame.

He saved the child at the risk of his own life and put all those who looked on to shame.

他冒著生命危險(xiǎn)救了那個(gè)孩子，使所有旁觀者都相形見(jiàn)絀。

4、He hitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep.

hitchhike to… 搭便車去……

Dover n. 多佛（英國(guó)著名的港口）

towards evening 快到晚上

somewhere to sleep 可以睡覺(jué)的地方

anything to do/drink 可以做的事/可以喝的東西（這里to do 做定語(yǔ)）

5、When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais.

wake up 自己醒來(lái)

Calais n. 加來(lái)（法國(guó)城市）

in the meantime 在此期間

I feel tired and would like to take a nap. In the meantime, you may do some reading.

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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記

6、No one noticed the boy as he crept off.

creep off = creep away

★creep

① vi. 爬行，匍匐，（像爬行似地）慢慢前進(jìn)

The old car crept along the country road.

A snake crept into the garden while she was writing a letter.

② vi. 悄悄地/躡手躡腳地_____走；漸漸產(chǎn)生/出現(xiàn)

We crept upstairs so as not to wake Grandpa.

He noticed that age had crept on him.

7、The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to

Perpignan on the French-Spanish border.

take … into 帶到……

not…but… 不是……而是……

as sb. hoped 正如某人所希望的

I became a good teacher as my mother hopes.

than sb. expected 比某人所期待的還……

Don't ask what the country do for you, but ask what you do for the country.

the French-Spanish border 法國(guó)與西班牙的邊界（邊界地帶屬于哪個(gè)地方由第一個(gè)國(guó)籍確定）

8、There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities.

pick up 逮捕，拘捕

After the accident, he was picked up by the police.

【Letter Writing】

每封信包含有三個(gè)主要部分：引言、目的和結(jié)束語(yǔ)。其中最重要的部分是目的。在這部分中必須說(shuō)明

為什么要寫此信。

【Summary writing 】

5 Fares have increased. The railway company is still losing money. The employees have demanded higher

wages. (In spite of the fact that . because)

7 I made sure. The alarm clock worked. I set it. It would ring at six o'clock. (After making…that…so that)

5. In spite of the fact that fares have increased, the railway company is still losing money because the

employees have demanded higher wages.

fare n. 費(fèi)用

in spite of 盡管

lose money 虧損

7. After making sure that the alarm clock worked, I set it so that it would

alarm clock 鬧鐘

set the clock 定鬧鐘

be sure of +n. ；be sure to do sth. ；be sure that

375

新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記

【Key structures】

簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

簡(jiǎn)單句是英語(yǔ)中最小的句子單位，一般有一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞，它有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，但可以用連詞and

將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞后所使用的不同成分，簡(jiǎn)單句可有5種基本句型：

① 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞

② 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

③ 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞 +直接賓語(yǔ)：

④ 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞 +間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

⑤ 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

將幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連接起來(lái)構(gòu)成并列句。在并列句中不存在單獨(dú)的主句和從屬于它的從句；各小句根據(jù)上

下文的要求按邏輯次序排列，但各小句都同等重要并獨(dú)立存在。我們常常把并列句中的各小句看成是并列

主句。可采用下列任何一種方式構(gòu)成并列句：

① 用分號(hào)

We fished all day; we didn’t catch a thing.

② 用分號(hào)，后面跟一個(gè)連接副詞(短語(yǔ))，如however、above all、in addition、as far as等

We fished all day; however, we didn’t catch a thing.

③ 用并列連詞，如and、but、so、yet 等，前面常加逗號(hào)：

We fished all day, but (we) didn’t catch a thing.

復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成方法可以是把簡(jiǎn)單句連接在一起，但復(fù)合句的各個(gè)組成部分并非同等重要(此點(diǎn)與并列句

不同)，其中總有一個(gè)獨(dú)立小句(或稱“主句”)和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從屬小句(或稱“從句”)；主句往往可

以獨(dú)立存在。復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成方法：

① 用連詞將從句與主句連接起來(lái)：

If you’re not good at figures, it is pointless to apply for job in a bank.

如果你不擅于計(jì)算，向銀行求職就毫無(wú)意義。

② 用動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。它們是非限定性動(dòng)詞，是短語(yǔ)而不是從句，但它們構(gòu)成復(fù)合句(而非簡(jiǎn)

單句)的一部分。之所以如此是因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢杂脧木涞男问奖憩F(xiàn)出來(lái)。

To get into a university you have to pass a number of examinations.

從句可分為：名詞性從句；關(guān)系/形容詞從句；副詞從句。

Holiday resorts which are very crowded are not very pleasant.

那些擁擠的度假場(chǎng)所令人感到不很愉快。

Howerver hard I try, I can’t remember people’s names.

【Multiple choice questions】

10 They have been put to shame by a boy . They should feel ___a___.

(a) ashamed (b) shy (c) shyness (d) shameful

feel（半聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞）+ 形容詞

shyness n. 害羞

shy adj. 害羞（指人的一種性格）

shame v. 羞愧（跟人遇到某件事情當(dāng)時(shí)的感覺(jué)有關(guān)系）

shameful adj. 令人羞愧；ashamed adj. 感到羞愧