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語法題析---基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-4-26 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

 結(jié)構(gòu)指的是句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu),表達(dá)法所指內(nèi)容極為廣泛,概括地講,它指英文句子中詞和短語的正確形式以及詞與詞,詞與短語的正確搭配。這里主要講解有關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)的命題,即英文句子的基本構(gòu)成形式。

基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)常考題型及解題要點(diǎn)

  一般來講,所考的有關(guān)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的題目都比較簡單,通常是正常詞序的簡單句和復(fù)合句,即主語-謂語-賓語或主語-系詞-表語兩種基本詞序。倒裝句、省略句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句試題也時(shí)有出現(xiàn)。但所占比例很小。

基本句型

(1)簡單句 主- 謂- 賓

  主- 系- 表

(2)復(fù)合句 主句 +連詞 +從句

  連詞 +從句 ,主句

(3)并列句 句1 + 連詞 + 句2

 基本概念

  (1)有主語、有謂語方可稱為句子,否則為短語。

  (2)主句和從句必須有連接詞銜接。連接句可在兩個(gè)句子中間,亦可放置于句首。

 解題要點(diǎn)

  (1)尋找謂語動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞以確定主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

  (2)尋找連接詞以確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)

  (3)分別檢查主句和從句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

 例題分析

1. 簡單句中主語謂語要完整

  (1)In addition to pleasure, _____ excitement, challenge, and relaxation.

   (A) the providing of garrets (B) games if providing

   (C) the games which provide (D) games provide

  [答案] D 空格前為一介詞短語、空格后為三個(gè)并列名。此句即無主語,也無謂語,故選擇含有動(dòng)詞的答案(D)。尋找動(dòng)詞是最快捷的途徑。

  (2) _____has won consistent praise for her novels about Black children.

   (A) Virginia Hamilton who (B) Because Virginia Hamilton

   (C) Virginia Hamilton (D) The fact than Virginia Hamilton

  [答案] C 空格后面是謂語動(dòng)詞形式has own, 故空格內(nèi)應(yīng)主語句詞,即(C)。

  (3)With affection and humor, poet phyllis McGinley _____ of ordinary life.

   (A) the virtues were praised (B) praised the virtues

   (C) she praised the virtues (D) her praise of the virtues 

[答案] B 此句有主語,但缺謂語動(dòng)詞,故選擇(B)。

 (4) _______ became a state in 1876.

   (A) When Colorado (B) Colorado

   (C) It was Colorado (D) Colorado which

  [答案] B 空格后的謂動(dòng)詞be came表明應(yīng)選擇一個(gè)名詞作主語,即(B)。

2. 主句和從句皆要有完整的主語和謂語

  (1)Because it hardens soft metals such as tin and lead, _____ in alloys.

   (A) antimony is used (B) using antimony (C) antimony uses

   (D) to use antimony

  [答案] A Because 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整,而主句卻主謂俱缺,故選擇主謂完整而句意正確的答案(A)。

  (2) The dominant philosophy of the Age of Enlightenmers _____ in the universe in terms of forces that could be detected by the human senses.

   (A) an explanation for everything

   (B) attempted to explain everything

   (C) everything was an attempt

   (D) explained and attempted

  [答案] B 這是個(gè)含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。主句缺少謂語動(dòng)詞,故選擇(B)。答案(D)亦為動(dòng)詞,但缺少賓語。

  (3)_______ that both birds and mamma 8|5 become larger, their metabolite rates per unit of tissue decrease, and they generally live longer.

   (A) The truth (B) If true

   (C) It is true (D) To be true

  [答案] C 空格后面的連接詞That 表明此處應(yīng)填入主句,即含有主語和謂語的答案。四項(xiàng)選擇中只有(C)是完整的句子。

  (4)Prescriptions for corrective lenses that are provided by an optometrist are often brought to an optician who _____ the lenses.

   (A) grinding (B) grinds (C) they grind (D) are ground

  [答案] B 空格前面的連接詞 who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句。此句缺少謂語動(dòng)詞,故選擇答案(B)。答案(D)亦為謂語動(dòng)詞形式,但被動(dòng)語態(tài)不適合本句。