二、不定冠詞的主要用法

1． 表示“一”這個數量概念，比one意思稍弱

e.g.: The plan will be ready in a week or two.

2． 表示某人或某物，但不具體說明哪個, 相當于any

e.g.: This poem was written by a student.

注：在1,2兩項中，如果名詞變復數，把a換成數詞或不定代詞some, any等即可。

e.g.: The plan will be ready in three weeks.

3． 表示某一類人或事物

e.g.: Even a child can answer this question.

注：句中名詞變復數時，去掉不定冠詞a/an即可。

4． 和表示時間或度量衡的名詞連用表示“每日”、“每斤”等

e.g.: I take a two-mile walk twice a day.

5． 用于固定詞組

e.g.: have/take a shower have/take a bath

take a walk give a lecture

a lot of a couple of

as a rule have a headache

a few a little a bit

6. 不定冠詞用于有形容詞修飾的季節, 日期前面

The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.

7. 用于序數詞前面, 表示

三、定冠詞的主要用法

1． 特指某人、某物，以區別于其他人、物

e.g.: This is the head of our delegation.

2． 用于談話雙方都明確的人、物前

e.g.: Take the medicine after meals.

3． 用于上文提到過的人、物前

e.g.: There is a new book on the desk. Give me the book.

4． 用于世界上獨一無二的事物前

e.g.: the (sun, moon, earth, sky, world, globe, equator（赤道）, universe（宇宙）, atmosphere)

5． 用于序數詞前

e.g.: the first one, the second one, etc.

6． 用于形容詞最高級前

e.g.: Autumn is the best season here.

7． 用于表示方位（東、西、南、北、中、左、右）的名詞前

e.g.: Tianjin is in the east of China.

但 from east to west 之類的結構除外

8． 用于某些江、河、湖、海、山川、海灣、沙漠前

e.g.: the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Baltic (Sea)(波羅的海)，

the Himalayas(喜馬拉雅山), the Taiwan Straits, the Sahara（撒哈拉沙漠）

9． 用于由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前，如國家、組織機構、某些報紙名

e.g.: the People’s Republic of China, the United Nations, the Times, the People’s Daily

10．用于姓氏復數前，表示一家人，e.g.: the Browns 布朗一家

11．用于形容詞前，表示一類人，e.g.: the old, the poor

12．用于演奏的樂器、文娛藝術活動等名稱前

e.g.: play (the piano, the violin, the flute, the cello),

go to (the cinema,, the theatre, the movies, the concert)

13．用于逢十的復數數詞之前，指世紀的某個年代

e.g.: in the 1990s (二十世紀九十年代)

14．用于表示發明物的單數名詞前

e.g.: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

15．用于單數可數名詞前，表示某一類人或事物

e.g.: The horse is a useful animal.

16．當用來指人體部位時，在介詞之后通常用the 來代替物主代詞

e.g.: I had a cold in the head.(頭部受了風)

He became very red in the face.

He was wounded in the leg.

He took (lead, seize, catch) me by the arm (hair…).

beat sb. on the nose/head,

be blind in the left (right) eye

be deaf in the left (right) ear

17．用于某些固定詞組

e.g.: in the morning (afternoon, evening, daytime)

at the moment

on the phone

the whole day

by the way

in the end

on the other hand

on the whole (大體上) 對應的 as a whole (就整個來看)

in the city 對應的 in town

at the back of(in back of) 對應的 in front of (在…前面)

在…后面

in the distance (在遠處) 對應的 at a distance of +數詞

（在多遠處）

四、不用冠詞的場合

1． 可數名詞復數、不可數名詞表示一類或泛指時

e.g.: Teachers must love their students.

Unity is strength.

2． 專有名詞（洲、國家、人名）前，一般不用冠詞

e.g.: Asia, Japan, Jim

3． 球類、棋類等體育運動以及三餐前

e.g.: play (volleyball, table tennis, chess, cards)

have (breakfast, lunch, dinner)

注：如特指某一餐，需加不定冠詞a/an

e.g.: They had a wonderful dinner at that hotel last night.

4． 學科、語言、（醫學中）大部分疾病名、某些報刊名前

e.g.: chemistry, English, High blood pressure, China Daily

5． 季節、月份、星期、節日前，一般不加冠詞，但有限定性定語修飾

或表示一特定的時間時，就要加定冠詞

e.g.: School begins in September.

We have few classes on Saturday.

但：She came to Tianjin in the spring of 1998.

Where do you plan to spend the summer?

6． 大多數學校、街道、公園、廣場、橋梁、車站、機場等名稱前

e.g.: Tian An Men Square, Nanjing Road, Tianjin Railway Station

7． 在描述交通方式時

e.g.: by car, by bus, by bike, by train, on foot, etc.

I go to school by bike every day.

但take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/bus 等表示具體的交通工具時要用冠詞

8． 系動詞turn（變成）后面作表語的單數可數名詞前習慣不用冠詞

e.g.: The young worker has turned writer.

=The young worker has become a writer.

9． 稱呼語或指家里雇用的nurse, cook 等名詞前及表示獨一無二的頭銜、職務的名詞作賓語、補語及同位語時，一般不加冠詞

e.g.: What’s this, mother?

Ask nurse to put the child to bed.

Lincoln was made president of the United States again.

10．As引導的讓步狀語從句，作表語的名詞前不用冠詞

e.g.: Child as she is, she knows a lot of English.

11．⑴ 在單數名詞+after +同一單數名詞（表示“一個接一個”）結構中，單數可數名詞前不加冠詞

e.g.: She did experiment after experiment.

shop after shop, mistake after mistake, etc.

⑵ 當兩個或兩個以上的名詞用and 連接時，如帶有對比的含義或習慣上

總在一起使用，常省去冠詞

e.g.: husband and wife, brother and sister, day and night,

body and soul, knife and fork

12．當兩個形容詞最高級并列修飾同一名詞時，第二個形容詞前常不用the

e.g.: She is the tallest and fattest girl in our class.

13．No 與such 連用時，no 應放在such 之前，such 后的名詞前不用冠詞

e.g.: No such thing has ever happened in this village.

14．church, school, hospital, prison, university 等單數可數名詞指機構（institution）時，其前常不用冠詞；如果不指機構而指一座具體建筑（building），其前又常用冠詞。

e.g.: They go to church every Sunday morning.（上教堂）

The church was pulled down for a new and bigger one.

She stayed in hospital for three weeks after the accident.(住院)

He walked into the hospital through a side entrance.

注：用法類似的詞還有：bed, class, table, town 等。

e.g.: The family were at table when he arrived.（在吃飯）

Why not remove the table? It’s in the way.

You’re not going to town with him, are you?（進城）

The town used to be rather small. Now it extends miles and miles.

15．有時在新聞標題、工商業文件、廣告、電報、公告、提綱、書名中，為了節省空間、時間、金錢和精力，或為了引起注意，省去冠詞

e.g.: Conference opens.

考點：

在考試中，冠詞部分的題常見的有以下類型：

1． 各種應該使用冠詞的情況

e.g.: They went to _____ Smiths’ and stayed there for half an hour.

A. the B. a C. an D. / (2002津春季高考) (答案A）

2． 各種不應該使用冠詞的情況

e.g.: On _____ Christmas Day people like to send Christmas cards to each other.

A. the B. a C. one D./ (2001津春季高考) (答案D)

3． 冠詞的固定用法

e.g.: All of _____ sudden the child rushed out from _____ the door.

A. the, behind B. a, behind C. /, behind D. the, /

(2002津春季高考) (答案B)

4． 不定冠詞a/an 用法的區別

e.g.: Is his girl friend _____ European or _____ American? (2000津春季高考)

A. a, / B. an, an C. an, / D. a, an （答案D）

課后習題難點講解：

P39. 強化訓練-A 鞏固練習

Ⅰ--第9小題

Mike was elected __/__ captain of the team.

---分析---：按照我們上面“不用冠詞的場合”講的，在表示獨一無二頭銜、職務的名詞作補語時，其前不用冠詞，所以captain前什么也不填。（書上答案錯誤）

Ⅰ--第15小題

The play, Hamlet, attracted a large audience.

---分析---：首先，第一個空特指Hamlet這部劇，無疑應該填定冠詞the。這里主要是audience前的第二個空，audience 本身是一個集體名詞，可數。分析這樣的詞時，我們要看它強調的是整體還是整體中的每一個個體，如：

My family is a large one. (把family 看作了一個整體)

My family were listening to the tape. (強調的是family中的每一個成員)

本題中audience 強調的是“一大群觀眾”這樣一個整體概念，所以應該填a。

Ⅰ--第22小題

give up + ving : give up 后直接跟動名詞表示放棄做某事。

Exercises:

1. Please pay attention to your spelling. You’ve dropped ____ “m” here.

A. an B. the C. / D. a

2. That evening ___ Greens sat before a bright fire and had ___ nice supper.

A. the, a B. /, / C. /, a D. the, /

3. _____ elephant is useful to human beings.

A. The B. This C. That D. A

4. The man was in _____ hurry to catch _____ train.

A. a, / B. a, the C. the, / D. /, the

5. _____ thief is a danger to _____.

A. The, society B. The, a society C. A, society D. A, the society

6. In _____ time of _____ danger, one’s mind works fast.

A. the, the B. a, a C. /, / D. the, /

7. We should take good care of _____.

A. young and old B. the young and old

C. the young and the old D. young and the old

8. ---Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.

---Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere

A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a

9. Mr. Zhang began to learn ___ English language at ___ age of fifty.

A. /, the B. the, the C. /, / D the, /

10. Your can have _____ second try if you fail _____ first time.

A. the, / B. /, a C. the, a D. a, the

Answers: AAABC CCDBD